本篇文章带大家详细了解一下Angular中组件间通讯的几种。有一定的参考价值，有需要的朋友可以参考一下，希望对大家有所帮助。
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Angular 组件间的通讯
组件间三种典型关系：
/2021/04/95a14b5c.png" alt="组件间的关系
-
父好组件之间的交互（@Input/@Output/模板变量/@ViewChild）
-
非父子组件之间的交互（Service/localStorage）
-
还可以可以利用 Session、 路由参数来进行通讯等
相关教程推荐：《angular教程》
父子组件之间交互
子组件编写
- child.component.ts
@Component({
selector: 'app-child',
templateUrl: './child.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./child.component.css']
})
export class ChildComponent implements OnInit {
private _childTitle = '我是子组件';
@Input()
set childTitle(childTitle: string) {
this._childTitle = childTitle;
}
get childTitle(): string {
return this._childTitle;
}
@Output()
messageEvent: EventEmitter<string> = new EventEmitter<string>();
constructor() { }
ngOnInit(): void {
}
sendMessage(): void {
this.messageEvent.emit('我是子组件');
}
childFunction(): void {
console.log('子组件的名字是：' + this.childTitle);
}
}
- child.component.html
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">{{childTitle}}</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<button (click)="sendMessage()" class="btn btn-success">给父组件发消息</button>
</div>
</div>
父组件
- parent-and-child.component.ts
@Component({
selector: 'app-parent-and-child',
templateUrl: './parent-and-child.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./parent-and-child.component.css']
})
export class ParentAndChildComponent implements OnInit {
constructor() { }
ngOnInit(): void {
}
doSomething(event: any): void {
alert(event);
}
}
- parent-and-child.component.html
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">父组件</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<app-child #child (messageEvent) = "doSomething($event)"></app-child>
<button (click)="child.childFunction()" class="btn btn-success">调用子组件的方法</button>
</div>
</div>
@Input 属性绑定是单向的，父组件的属性变化会影响子组件的属性变化， 子组件的属性变化不会反过来影响父组件的的属性变化。
不过，可以利用 @Input() 和 @Output() 实现属性的双向绑定。
@Input() value: string; @Output() valueChange: EventEmitter<any> = new EventEmitter(); // 实现双向绑定 <input [(value)] = "newValue"></input>
注意： 使用 [()] 进行双向绑定时，输出属性名必须是输入属性名与 Change 组成， 形如： xxxChange。
非父子组件之间交互
使用 Service 进行交互
- event-bus.service.ts
/**
* 用于充当事件总线
*/
@Injectable()
export class EventBusService {
evnetBus: Subject<string> = new Subject<string>();
constructor() { }
}
- child1.component.ts
@Component({
selector: 'app-child1',
templateUrl: './child1.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./child1.component.css']
})
export class Child1Component implements OnInit {
constructor(private eventBusService: EventBusService) { }
ngOnInit(): void {
}
triggerEventBus(): void {
this.eventBusService.evnetBus.next('child1 触发的事件');
}
}
- child1.component.html
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">child1 组件</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<button (click)="triggerEventBus()" class="btn btn-success">触发事件</button>
</div>
</div>
- child2.component.ts
@Component({
selector: 'app-child2',
templateUrl: './child2.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./child2.component.css']
})
export class Child2Component implements OnInit {
events: Array<string> = new Array<string>();
constructor(private eventBusService: EventBusService) { }
ngOnInit(): void {
this.listenerEvent();
}
listenerEvent(): void {
this.eventBusService.evnetBus.subscribe( value => {
this.events.push(value);
});
}
}
- child2.component.html
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">child2 组件</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<p *ngFor="let event of events">{{event}}</p>
</div>
</div>
- brother.component.ts
@Component({
selector: 'app-brother',
templateUrl: './brother.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./brother.component.css']
})
export class BrotherComponent implements OnInit {
constructor() { }
ngOnInit(): void {
}
}
- brother.component.html
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">第二种：没有父子关系的组件间通讯</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<app-child1></app-child1>
<app-child2></app-child2>
</div>
</div>
使用 localStorage 进行交互
- local-child1.component.ts
@Component({
selector: 'app-local-child1',
templateUrl: './local-child1.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./local-child1.component.css']
})
export class LocalChild1Component implements OnInit {
constructor() { }
ngOnInit(): void {
}
writeData(): void {
window.localStorage.setItem('message', JSON.stringify({name: 'star', age: 22}));
}
}
- local-child1.component.html
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading"> LocalChild1 组件</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<button class="btn btn-success" (click)="writeData()">写入数据</button>
</div>
</div>
- local-child2.component.ts
@Component({
selector: 'app-local-child2',
templateUrl: './local-child2.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./local-child2.component.css']
})
export class LocalChild2Component implements OnInit {
constructor() { }
ngOnInit(): void {
}
readData(): void {
const dataStr = window.localStorage.getItem('message');
const data = JSON.parse(dataStr);
console.log('name:' + data.name, 'age:' + data.age);
}
}
- local-child2.component.html
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">LocalChild2 组件</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<button class="btn btn-success" (click)="readData()">读取数据</button>
</div>
</div>
- local-storage.component.ts
@Component({
selector: 'app-local-storage',
templateUrl: './local-storage.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./local-storage.component.css']
})
export class LocalStorageComponent implements OnInit {
constructor() { }
ngOnInit(): void {
}
}
- local-storage.component.html
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">第三种方案：利用 localStorge 通讯</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<app-local-child1></app-local-child1>
<app-local-child2></app-local-child2>
</div>
</div>
最后，关于使用 Session、路由参数实现数据交互的方式，这里就不演示了。
更多编程相关知识，请访问：编程视频！！
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