技术教程 编程教程 RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11g DG测试环境快速搭建参考 正文

RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11g DG测试环境快速搭建参考

2023-05-13,,

环境现状：

两台虚拟主机A和B：
1. A机器已安装ASM存储的Oracle 11g 实例
     参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/jyzhao/p/4332410.html
2. B机器已安装系统，配置以及目录结构均和A机器保持一致
     /u01 + 3块ASM盘
 
DG部署规划：

  primary standby
主机 JY-DB JY-DBS
db_name jyzhao jyzhao
db_unique_name jyzhao jyzhao_s
instance_name jyzhao jyzhao_s
存储 +DATA1 +DATA1
归档 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
DGMGRL jyzhao_dgmgrl jyzhao_s_dgmgrl
GRID_HOME /u01/app/11.2.0/grid /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

 
一、前期准备
1.1. A机器打包拷贝/u01/app到B机器（包含了grid和oracle软件安装目录）
1.2. B机器配置用户，系统参数，安装依赖包，用户环境变量，ASM磁盘
二、DG部署配置
2.1 primary database 配置
2.2 机器B：standby数据库配置
2.3 机器A操作 duplicate数据库到机器B
2.4 B机器 srvctl add数据库jyzhao_s
三、DG切换测试
3.1 手动switchover
3.2 Data Guard Broker 快速switchover
References

一、前期准备

1.1. A机器打包拷贝/u01/app到B机器（包含了grid和oracle软件安装目录）

# tar -zcvf app.tar.gz app

# scp app.tar.gz 192.168.99.160:/u01/

root@192.168.99.160's password:

app.tar.gz                                                                                                                           100% 3564MB  54.8MB/s   01:05

B机器解压，解压前确保第二步操作已完成。

# pwd

/u01

[root@JY-DBS u01]# ls

app.tar.gz  lost+found

[root@JY-DBS u01]# tar -zxvf app.tar.gz

解压完成后，检查权限是正确的

# ls -lh

total 3.5G

drwxrwxr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 4.0K Mar 13 14:47 app

-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root     3.5G Mar 15 22:28 app.tar.gz

1.2. B机器配置用户，系统参数，安装依赖包，用户环境变量，ASM磁盘

配置用户，系统参数，安装依赖包，用户环境变量
注：在第一步解压前做完，会发现权限都是正确的不用费心再改

root用户执行脚本

# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh

# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl

配置has

需要建立asm磁盘组

环境变量：

vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init+ASM.ora

*.asm_diskstring='/dev/mapper/ora*'

*.asm_power_limit=1

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/grid'

*.instance_type='asm'

*.large_pool_size=12M

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

 SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Mar 16 10:51:02 2015

 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 Connected to an idle instance.

 SQL> startup

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

ORA-29701: unable to connect to Cluster Synchronization Service

$  crsctl stat res -t

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.ons

               OFFLINE OFFLINE      jy-dbs

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.cssd

      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora.diskmon

      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora.evmd

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-dbs

$  crsctl start resource ora.cssd

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'jy-dbs'

CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'jy-dbs'

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'jy-dbs' succeeded

CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'jy-dbs' succeeded

$ crsctl status res -t

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.ons

               OFFLINE OFFLINE      jy-dbs

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.cssd

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-dbs

ora.diskmon

      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora.evmd

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-dbs        

$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Mar 16 10:55:39 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ASM instance started

Total System Global Area 1135747072 bytes

Fixed Size                  2260728 bytes

Variable Size            1108320520 bytes

ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes

ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------------------

STARTED             

col description for a35

col process for a35

set linesize 120

select sid, serial#, process, name, description from v$session join v$bgprocess using(paddr);

col path for a45

col name for a30

select group_number, disk_number, mount_status, name, path from v$asm_disk order by group_number, disk_number;

 GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER MOUNT_STATUS   NAME                           PATH

------------ ----------- -------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------

           0           0 CLOSED                                        /dev/mapper/ora_vg-lv_asm3

           0           1 CLOSED                                        /dev/mapper/ora_vg-lv_asm2

           0           2 CLOSED                                        /dev/mapper/ora_vg-lv_asm1

查看A机器的磁盘组信息：

select group_number, name, type, total_mb, free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup

 GROUP_NUMBER NAME                                                         TYPE           TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB

------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ ---------- ----------

           1 DATA1                                                        EXTERN            30708      29017

B机器创建ASM磁盘组DATA1：

select group_number, name, type, total_mb, free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

 no rows selected

CREATE DISKGROUP data1 EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK '/dev/mapper/ora*';

Diskgroup created.

select group_number, name, type, total_mb, free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

GROUP_NUMBER NAME                                                         TYPE           TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB

------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ ---------- ----------

           1 DATA1                                                        EXTERN            30708      30654

至此，准备工作结束。

二、DG部署配置

2.1 primary database 配置

确保将数据库的force_logging打开，设置为归档模式，数据库闪回打开

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/system.256.874084601

+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/sysaux.257.874084601

+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/undotbs1.258.874084601

+DATA1/jyzhao/datafile/users.259.874084601

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FOR

---

NO

SQL> alter database force logging;

 Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

 Total System Global Area 1620115456 bytes

Fixed Size                  2253704 bytes

Variable Size            1006636152 bytes

Database Buffers          603979776 bytes

Redo Buffers                7245824 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database archivelog;

 Database altered.

SQL> alter database flashback on;

alter database flashback on

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-38706: Cannot turn on FLASHBACK DATABASE logging.

ORA-38709: Recovery Area is not enabled.

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Enabled

Archive destination            /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch

Oldest online log sequence     12

Next log sequence to archive   14

Current log sequence           14

$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch

SQL> alter database flashback on;

alter database flashback on

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-38706: Cannot turn on FLASHBACK DATABASE logging.

ORA-38709: Recovery Area is not enabled.

SQL> show parameter db_recover

 NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest                string

db_recovery_file_dest_size           big integer 0

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=5G;

 System altered.

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch';

 System altered.

SQL> select status from v$instance;

 STATUS

------------

MOUNTED

 SQL> alter database flashback on;

 Database altered.

按之前的规划设置数据库的参数

主要是db_unique_name, log_archive_config, log_archive_dest_1,  log_archive_dest_2, log_archive_format, fal_server, fal_client, standby_file_management的设置，standby logfile的添加，密码文件的创建。

alter system set db_unique_name='jyzhao' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(jyzhao,jyzhao_s)'  scope=spfile; 

alter system set log_archive_dest_='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_dest_='SERVICE=jyzhao_s ASYNC LGWR VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao_s' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_format='arch_%r_%t_%s.arc' scope=spfile;

alter system set fal_server=jyzhao_s scope=spfile;

alter system set fal_client=jyzhao scope=spfile;

alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO;

alter database add standby logfile group  size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile group  size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile group  size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile group  size 50M; 

rm /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_/dbs/orapwjyzhao

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjyzhao password=oracle entries= ignorecase=Y

grid用户配置监听
--listener.ora

DGL =

   (DESCRIPTION =

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DB)(PORT = 1521))

   ) 

SID_LIST_DGL =

   (SID_LIST =

        (SID_DESC =

          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = jyzhao)

          (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

          (SID_NAME = jyzhao)

        )

        (SID_DESC =

          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = jyzhao_dgmgrl)

          (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

          (SID_NAME = jyzhao)

        )

    )      

ADR_BASE_DGL = /u01/app/grid

oracle用户配置tnsnames.ora
--tnsnames.ora

JYZHAO =

   (DESCRIPTION =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DB)(PORT = 1521))

     (CONNECT_DATA =

       (SERVER = DEDICATED)

       (SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao )

     )

   )

JYZHAO_S =

   (DESCRIPTION =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DBS)(PORT = 1521))

     (CONNECT_DATA =

       (SERVER = DEDICATED)

       (SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao_s)

     )

   )

grid用户重启监听：

lsnrctl stop dgl

lsnrctl start dgl

oracle用户测试连接：

sqlplus sys/oracle@jyzhao as sysdba

sqlplus sys/oracle@JY-DB/jyzhao_dgmgrl as sysdba

sqlplus sys/oracle@JY-DB/jyzhao as sysdba

 SQL> show parameter audi

 NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

audit_file_dest                      string      /u01/app/oracle/admin/jyzhao/a

                                                 dump

重启primary

shutdown immediate

startup

2.2 机器B：standby数据库配置

grid用户配置监听
--listener.ora

DGL =

   (DESCRIPTION =

        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DBS)(PORT = 1521))

   ) 

SID_LIST_DGL =

   (SID_LIST =

        (SID_DESC =

          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = jyzhao_s)

          (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

          (SID_NAME = jyzhao_s)

        )

        (SID_DESC =

          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = jyzhao_s_dgmgrl)

          (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

          (SID_NAME = jyzhao_s)
        )

    )      

ADR_BASE_DGL = /u01/app/grid

grid用户启动监听
$ lsnrctl start dgl
oracle用户配置tnsnames.ora
--tnsnames.ora

JYZHAO =

   (DESCRIPTION =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DB)(PORT = 1521))

     (CONNECT_DATA =

       (SERVER = DEDICATED)

       (SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao )

     )

   )

JYZHAO_S =

   (DESCRIPTION =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DBS)(PORT = 1521))

     (CONNECT_DATA =

       (SERVER = DEDICATED)

       (SERVICE_NAME = jyzhao_s)

     )

   )

echo "db_name=jyzhao" >> $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initjyzhao_s.ora

echo $ORACLE_SID

 sqlplus / as sysdba

startup nomount

oracle用户测试连接  ：

sqlplus sys/oracle@jyzhao as sysdba

sqlplus sys/oracle@jyzhao_s as sysdba

sqlplus sys/oracle@JY-DBS/jyzhao_s_dgmgrl as sysdba

sqlplus sys/oracle@JY-DBS/jyzhao_s as sysdba

2.3 机器A操作 duplicate数据库到机器B

验证到机器B可以登录
$ sqlplus sys/oracle@jyzhao_s as sysdba
vi duplicate_dg.sql

duplicate target database

for standby

from active database

DORECOVER

spfile

set db_unique_name='jyzhao_s'

set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao_s'

set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jyzhao ASYNC LGWR

VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao'

set standby_file_management='AUTO'

set fal_server='jyzhao'

set fal_client='jyzhao_s'

set control_files='+DATA1'

set memory_target='0'

set sga_target='600M';

[oracle@JY-DB ~]$  rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@jyzhaos cmdfile=duplicate_standby.sql

 Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Mar 16 23:21:37 2015

 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 connected to target database: JYZHAO (DBID=2463175424)

connected to auxiliary database: JYZHAO (not mounted)

 RMAN> duplicate target database

2> for standby

3> from active database

4> DORECOVER

5> spfile

6> set db_unique_name='jyzhao_s'

7> set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)

8> DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao_s'

9> set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=MACDBN ASYNC LGWR

10> VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jyzhao'

11> set standby_file_management='AUTO'

12> set fal_server='jyzhao'

13> set fal_client='jyzhao_s'

14> set control_files='+DATA1'

15> set memory_target='0'

16> set sga_target='600M';

17>

Starting Duplicate Db at 16-MAR-15

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=111 device type=DISK

……

Recovery Manager complete.

[oracle@JY-DB ~]$

2.4 B机器 srvctl add数据库jyzhao_s

注：开始_s有问题，是因为添加指定的参数不足：

srvctl add database -d jyzhao_s -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -p  +DATA1/JYZHAO_S/spfilejyzhao_s.ora -n jyzhao -i jyzhao_s

srvctl modify database -d jyzhao_s -r PHYSICAL_STANDBY

三、DG切换测试

3.1 手动switchover

1主库切换成standby，启动到mount

select OPEN_MODE, DATABASE_ROLE, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, FORCE_LOGGING, DATAGUARD_BROKER, GUARD_STATUS from v$database;

alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;

2.备库切换成primary，启动到open

select OPEN_MODE, DATABASE_ROLE, SWITCHOVER_STATUS, FORCE_LOGGING, DATAGUARD_BROKER, GUARD_STATUS from v$database;

alter database commit to switchover to primary;

3.新的备库执行日志应用

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

3.2 Data Guard Broker 快速switchover

SQL> show parameter dg_broker_start

 NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

dg_broker_start                      boolean     FALSE

SQL> alter system set dg_broker_start = true;

 System altered.

 SQL> show parameter dg_broker_start

 NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

dg_broker_start                      boolean     TRUE

配置dgmgrl

create CONFIGURATION jydb as primary database is jyzhao CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS jyzhao;

add database  jyzhao_s as CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS jyzhao_s MAINTAINED AS  PHYSICAL;    

enable configuration;    

show configuration;    

switchover to jyzhao_s;     

switchover to jyzhao;          

show database verbose jydb

References

Oracle® Data Guard Broker 11g Release 2 (11.2)
Oracle® Data Guard Concepts and Administration 11g Release 2 (11.2)
http://t.askmaclean.com/thread-2530-1-1.html

RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11g DG测试环境快速搭建参考的相关教程结束。

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