SpringBoot整合JDBC
一、创建SpringBoot项目
选择Spring Web、JDBC API、MySQL Driver
二、在pom配置文件中修改JDBC版本，导入lombok
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<!-- 在pom文件中修改jdbc版本 -->
<version>5.1.47</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入lombok -->
<!-- lombok能够通过注解减少冗余代码，比如实体类的get/set方法等 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
三、在MySQL中建库、建表、插入数据
CREATE DATABASE db_springboot_test CHARSET='utf8';
USE db_springboot_test;
CREATE TABLE tab_student(
pk_student_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '学生学号，起始值2021001',
student_name VARCHAR(10) COMMENT '学生姓名',
student_sex CHAR(1) COMMENT '学生性别',
student_score DOUBLE(4,1) COMMENT '学生分数'
) COMMENT '学生表';
-- 执行一次，设定初始值
INSERT INTO tab_student VALUES(2021001,SUBSTR(MD5(RAND()),1,4),IF(RAND()>0.5,'男','女'),RAND()*100);
-- 可根据需要执行多次，随机插入数据
INSERT INTO tab_student VALUES(NULL,SUBSTR(MD5(RAND()),1,4),IF(RAND()>0.5,'男','女'),RAND()*100);
SELECT * FROM tab_student;
四、在核心配置文件application.properties中设置连接数据库的四大参数
# 这里要是数据库所在主机的ip地址，如果数据库在本机可使用localhost
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.133.139:3306/db_springboot_test
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
五、创建实体类
package cn.godfery.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.io.Serializable;
@NoArgsConstructor// 生成一个无参的构造方法
@AllArgsConstructor// 生成一个包含所有参数的构造方法
@Accessors(chain = true)// 生成方法的链式调用
@Data// 生成get/set方法、重写toString方法等
public class Student implements Serializable {
private Integer studentId;// 学生id
private String studentName;// 学生姓名
private String studentSex;// 学生性别
private Double studentScore;// 学生分数
}
六、创建并实现dao接口，提供基本的增删改查功能
定义一个Student的dao接口
package cn.byuan.dao;
import cn.byuan.entity.Student;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentDao {
// 添加一个学生
Integer addOneStudent(Student student);
// 根据主键studentId删除一个学生
Integer deleteOneStudentByStudentId(Integer studentId);
// 根据主键studentId修改一个学生
Integer updateOneStudentByStudentId(Student student);
// 根据主键studentId查询一个学生
Student getOneStudentByStudentId(Integer studentId);
// 获取全部学生
List<Student> getAllStudent();
}
实现dao接口
package cn.byuan.dao;
import cn.byuan.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.PreparedStatementSetter;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
@Repository
public class StudentDaoImp implements StudentDao{
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;// 此对象由springboot创建，类似于PreparedStatement
// jdbcTemplate.update方法：执行dml
// jdbcTemplate.query方法：执行dql
// jdbcTemplate.call方法：执行存储过程和函数
// 添加一个学生
@Override
public Integer addOneStudent(Student student) {
String sql="insert into tab_student values(null, ?, ?, ?)";
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, new PreparedStatementSetter() {// 匿名内部类
@Override
public void setValues(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) throws SQLException {
preparedStatement.setString(1, student.getStudentName());
preparedStatement.setString(2, student.getStudentSex());
preparedStatement.setDouble(3, student.getStudentScore());
}
});
}
// 根据主键studentId删除一个学生
@Override
public Integer deleteOneStudentByStudentId(Integer studentId) {
String sql="delete from tab_student where pk_student_id=?";
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, new PreparedStatementSetter() {
@Override
public void setValues(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) throws SQLException {
preparedStatement.setInt(1, studentId);
}
});
}
// 根据主键studentId修改一个学生
@Override
public Integer updateOneStudentByStudentId(Student student) {
String sql="update tab_student set student_name=?, student_sex=?, student_score=? where pk_student_id=?";
return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, new PreparedStatementSetter() {
@Override
public void setValues(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) throws SQLException {
preparedStatement.setString(1, student.getStudentName());
preparedStatement.setString(2, student.getStudentSex());
preparedStatement.setDouble(3, student.getStudentScore());
preparedStatement.setInt(4, student.getStudentId());
}
});
}
// 根据主键studentId查询一个学生
@Override
public Student getOneStudentByStudentId(Integer studentId) {
String sql="select * from tab_student where pk_student_id=?";
return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, getRowMapper(), studentId).get(0);
}
// 获取全部学生
@Override
public List<Student> getAllStudent() {
String sql="select * from tab_student";
return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, getRowMapper());
}
private RowMapper<Student> getRowMapper(){// 查询所使用的RowMapper对象，这里单独拿出来提高代码复用性
return new RowMapper<Student>() {
@Override
public Student mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
Student student=new Student();
student.setStudentId(resultSet.getInt("pk_student_id"))
.setStudentName(resultSet.getString("student_name"))
.setStudentSex(resultSet.getString("student_sex"))
.setStudentScore(resultSet.getDouble("student_score"));
return student;
}
};
}
}
七、在测试类中进行测试
package cn.byuan;
import cn.byuan.dao.StudentDao;
import cn.byuan.entity.Student;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import java.util.List;
@SpringBootTest
class StudentDaoImpTests {
@Autowired
private StudentDao studentDao;
@Test
void addOneStudentTest(){
Student student=new Student()
.setStudentId(null)
.setStudentName("Godfery")
.setStudentSex("男")
.setStudentScore(98.9);
System.out.println(studentDao.addOneStudent(student));
}
@Test
void deleteOneStudentByStudentIdTest(){
System.out.println(studentDao.deleteOneStudentByStudentId(2021001));
}
@Test
void updateOneStudentByStudentIdTest(){
Student student=new Student()
.setStudentId(2021001)
.setStudentName("Godfery")
.setStudentSex("男")
.setStudentScore(98.9);
System.out.println(studentDao.updateOneStudentByStudentId(student));
}
@Test
void getOneStudentByStudentId(){
System.out.println(studentDao.getOneStudentByStudentId(2021001));
}
@Test
void getAllStudentTest(){
List<Student> studentList=studentDao.getAllStudent();
for(Student studentPart : studentList){
System.out.println(studentPart);
}
}
}
测试结果
源码地址：https://github.com/byuan98/springboot-integration/tree/master/test002_springboot_jdbc
