Shell学习之条件测试(四)

2023-06-05,,

Shell学习条件测试

目录

逻辑测试

文件测试

数值比较

字符串比较

逻辑测试

格式:

  [ 表达式 ]  操作符 [ 表达式2 ] ……

  命令1  操作符  命令2 ……

常用的操作符 ( 注意:-a和-o放在[]里面用,&&和||放在[]外面用 )

    -a  或  &&           逻辑与

    -o  或 ||             逻辑或

      !               逻辑否

  

文件测试

文件测试

格式1:  [  操作符 文件或目录  ]  

格式2:test  操作符 文件或目录 

常用的测试操作符

    -d :测试是否为目录( Directory )

    -e :测试目录或文件是否存在(Exist)

    -f :测试是否为文件(File)

    -r :测试当前用户是否可读(read)

    -w:测试当前用户是否可写(write)

    -x :测试当前用户是否可执行(excute)

例子:备份Mysql数据库,业务代码没有完善

#/bin/bash
back_dir=/var/mysql_back if !test -d $back_dir;then
mkdir -p $back_dir
fi
echo "开始备份"

  

数值比较

格式1:[ 整数1 操作符 整数2 ]

格式2: test 整数1 操作符 整数2

常用的测试操作符

    -eq : 等于 (Equal)

    -ne : 不等于 (Not Equal)

    -gt : 大于(Greater Than)

    -lt : 小于 (Lesser Than)

    -le : 小于或等于(Lesser or Equal)

    -ge : 大于或等于(Greater or Equal)

  

例子

#/bin/bash
if [ $UID -ne 0];then
echo "没有权限"
exit
fi
yum -y install httpd

  

字符串比较

格式1:[ 字符串1 = 字符串2 ]

     [ 字符串1 != 字符串2 ]

格式2:[ -z 字符串 ]

常用的测试操作符

  = : 字符串内容相同

  != : 字符串内容不同

  -z : 字符串内容为空

  

例子

#/bin/bash
if [ $USER = "root"];then
yum -y install httpd
fi
echo "没有权限"
exit

  

所有表达式

( EXPRESSION )
EXPRESSION is true ! EXPRESSION
EXPRESSION is false EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2
both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2
either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true -n STRING
the length of STRING is nonzero STRING equivalent to -n STRING -z STRING
the length of STRING is zero STRING1 = STRING2
the strings are equal STRING1 != STRING2
the strings are not equal INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2 INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2
INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2 FILE1 -ef FILE2
FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers FILE1 -nt FILE2
FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2 FILE1 -ot FILE2
FILE1 is older than FILE2 -b FILE
FILE exists and is block special -c FILE
FILE exists and is character special -d FILE
FILE exists and is a directory -e FILE
FILE exists -f FILE
FILE exists and is a regular file -g FILE
FILE exists and is set-group-ID -G FILE
FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID -h FILE
FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L) -k FILE
FILE exists and has its sticky bit set -L FILE
FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h) -O FILE
FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID -p FILE
FILE exists and is a named pipe -r FILE
FILE exists and read permission is granted -s FILE
FILE exists and has a size greater than zero -S FILE
FILE exists and is a socket -t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal -u FILE
FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set -w FILE
FILE exists and write permission is granted -x FILE
FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted

  

Shell学习之条件测试(四)的相关教程结束。

《Shell学习之条件测试(四).doc》

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