python实现图书管理系统

#!/usr/local/bin/python3.7

# 用户注册

def logon():

    print("欢迎来到图书管理系统注册页面~")

    username = input("请输入用户名：")

    if len(username)<6:

        print("用户名不能小于6个字符")

    else:

        email = input("请输入邮箱：")

        password = input("请输入密码：")

        if len(password)<8:

            print("密码不能少于8位")

        else:

            rpassword = input("请确认密码：")

            if password ==rpassword:

                print("注册成功！")

                # 函数调用，每追加一列数据都进行换行 每个数据之间都有空格

                preserve_data(path,[username,'   '+ email,'   '+ password + '\n'])

                login_tips = input('是否登录？(yes/no)')

                if login_tips =='yes':

                    login()

                else:

                    pass

                return True

            else:

                print("两次输入的密码不一致，请重新输入！")

                # 递归调用

                logon()

# 保存数据到文件

path = r'/Users/lixuemei/PYTHONWORKSPACE/bookManage/user.txt'

def preserve_data(file_path,data):

    # 将字符串转换为bytes，因为write写入的是字节流，不能是字符串 当为w时需要解码

    # data = data.encode()

    # 打开文件，追加数据到文件

    with open(file_path,'a') as wstream:

        # 判断是否可写

        if wstream.writable():

            wstream.writelines(data)

        else:

            print("没有权限！")

# 用户登录

def login():

    print("欢迎来到图书管理系统登录页面~")

    tips = input("是否已经注册？(yes/no)")

    if tips =='yes':

        while True:

            username = input("输入用户名：")

            password = input("输入密码：")

            # 读取文件时可能会出现找不到文件的异常，因此使用try except

            try:

                # 读取文件中的内容

                with open(path, 'rb') as stream:

                    # 读取多行保存到列表中，列表中保存的是二进制，字节

                    result = stream.readlines()

                    # print(result)

                    # 列表推导式，循环遍历列表，将字节解码为字符串放在一个新列表uesr_list

                    uesr_list = [i.decode() for i in result]

                    # print(uesr_list)

                    # 循环遍历列表，检查输入的用户名和密码是否在字符串中

                    for i in uesr_list:

                        info = i.split('   ')

                        # print(info)

                        if username == info[0] and password == info[2].rstrip(' \n'):

                            print("登录成功")

                            operate(book_path,username)

                            break

                    else:

                        raise Exception("用户名或密码错误，请重新输入！")

            except Exception as err:

                print(err)

            # 没有异常时执行else语句

            else:

                break

    else:

        print("您还未注册，请先注册后再登录！")

        # 递归

        logon()

# 查询图书

def find_books(path):

    try:

        with open(path, 'r') as rstream:

            # readlines读到的内容是一个列表

            container = rstream.readlines()

            # 通过列表推导式得到新的列表，即每个元素去掉后面的换行符号

            new_container = [books_name.rstrip('\n') for books_name in container]

            for b_name in new_container:

                # 打印图书+《》

                print("《{}》".format(b_name))

    except Exception as err:

        print("错误原因：",err)

#添加图书

def add_book(b_path,username):

    # 添加前首先判断是否是管理员

    permission(b_path, username)

    # 追加图书 不能是w ,否则会清空之前的内容

    with open(b_path, 'a') as wstream:

        # 判断是否可写

        if wstream.writable:

            msg = input("请输入书名：")

            try:

                # 添加书籍之前判断某本书是否已经添加

                with open(b_path) as rstream:

                    while True:

                        line = rstream.readline()

                        # 去掉右边的换行

                        line = line.rstrip('\n')

                        # 当找到空行是如果还没有找到与输入的书名一致的时候，就添加输入的书名

                        if not line:

                            book = '\n' + msg

                            wstream.write(book)

                            print("添加成功")

                            break

                        else:

                            # 输入的图书和读到的行有一致的则提示不能重复添加

                            if line == msg:

                                print("{}已添加,请不要重复添加哦~".format(msg))

                                break

            except Exception as err:

                print("错误原因：", err)

        else:

            print("没有权限")

# 修改图书

def update_book(b_path,username):

    permission(b_path, username)

    try:

        with open(b_path, 'r') as rstream:

            container = rstream.read()

            # 通过'\n'来分割字符串，返回结果是列表

            container = container.split('\n')

            # print(container)

            # 删除前先展示有哪些图书

            find_books(book_path)

            book_name = input("请输入需要修改的图书书名：")

            # 循环遍历修改书名

            for i in range(len(container)):

                if book_name == container[i]:

                    rbook_name = input("请输入修改后的图书书名：")

                    container[i] = rbook_name + '\n'

                else:

                    # 列表中的每个书名后面加换行符，用于写入文件时换行

                    container[i] = container[i] + '\n'

            # print(container)

            # 将书名更新后的内容以writelines写入文件中  writelines(可迭代)

            with open(b_path, 'w') as wwstream:

                wwstream.writelines(container)

            print("修改成功")

    except Exception as err:

        print("错误原因：", err)

# 删除图书

def del_book(b_path,username):

    permission(path, username)

    try:

        with open(b_path, 'r') as rstream:

            container = rstream.read()

            # 通过'\n'来分割字符串，返回结果是列表

            container = container.split('\n')

            # print(container)

            # 展示有哪些图书

            find_books(book_path)

            book_name = input("请输入需要删除的图书书名：")

            # 循环遍历修改书名

            for i in range(len(container) - 1):

                if book_name == container[i]:

                    container.remove(container[i])

                else:

                    # 列表中的每个书名后面加换行符，用于写入文件时换行

                    container[i] = container[i] + '\n'

            # print(container)

            # 将书名删除后的内容以writelines写入文件中  writelines(可迭代)

            with open(b_path, 'w') as wwstream:

                wwstream.writelines(container)

            print("删除成功")

    except Exception as err:

        print("错误原因：", err)

# 借书

def borrow_book(username):

    while True:

        print("图书列表：")

        find_books(book_path)

        borrow_books = input("请选择图书：")

        try:

            with open('../user_books/user_books.txt') as rstream:

                # 每次读取一行

                lines = rstream.readline()

                lines = lines.rstrip('\n')

                # 将读到的内容通过空格分割保存到列表

                lines = lines.split(' ')

                # 判断输入的书是否已被借走

                if borrow_books not in lines:

                    # print(lines)

                    # 借书之前先判断该用户之前是否借过，如果借过，就在后面累加图书，用，分割图书

                    # for user_book in lines:

                    if username in lines:

                        with open('../user_books/user_books.txt', 'a') as wstream:

                            # 判断之前是否借过某本书

                            if borrow_books not in lines:

                                wstream.write(' {}'.format(borrow_books))

                                print("借书成功")

                                break

                            else:

                                print("您已借过此书，请从新选择！")

                                break

                    else:

                        # 将选择的图书与用户名一起保存到文件中

                        with open('../user_books/user_books.txt', 'a') as wstream:

                            wstream.write('\n{} {}\n'.format(username, borrow_books))

                            print("借书成功")

                            break

                else:

                    print("<<{}>>已被用户{}借走，请重新选择~".format(borrow_books,lines[0]))

        except Exception as err:

            print("错误原因：", err)

# 还书

def return_book(username):

    try:

        with open('../user_books/user_books.txt') as rstream:

            # print("{}您已借阅，未归还图书如下：".format(username))

            # 读到的结果是列表

            lines = rstream.readlines()

            # 遍历列表，将里面的元素再拆分为列表

            for i in range(len(lines)):

                # 去掉换行

                lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip('\n')

                lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip(' ')

                lines[i] = lines[i].split(' ')

                for ii in range(len(lines[i])-1):

                    # 只打印登录用户借阅的图书

                    if username == lines[i][0]:

                        print("{}您已借阅，未归还图书如下：".format(username))

                        print(lines[i][ii+1])

                        msg = input("请选择你要归还的图书：")

                        with open('../user_books/user_books.txt') as rstream:

                            lines = rstream.readlines()

                            for i in range(len(lines)):

                                if username in lines[i] and msg in lines[i]:

                                    # 用空字符串替换msg,即表示删除归还的图书

                                    lines[i] = lines[i].replace(msg, '')

                                    with open('../user_books/user_books.txt', 'w') as wstream:

                                        # 将变更后的列表再写入文件，只变更当前用户的图书信息

                                        wstream.writelines(lines)

                                        print("归还成功！")

                                        break

                            with open('../user_books/user_books.txt') as rstream:

                                lines = rstream.readlines()

                                for i in range(len(lines)):

                                    lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip('\n')

                                    lines[i] = lines[i].rstrip(' ')

                                    lines[i] = lines[i].split(' ')

                                    # print(type(lines[i]))

                                    for ii in range(len(lines[i])):

                                        # 图书归还成功后判断列表中只有用户名了，如果只有用户名则将用户名用空字符串代替

                                        if username == lines[i][0] and len(lines[i]) == 1:

                                            lines[i][0] = lines[i][0].replace(lines[i][0], '')

                                            lines.append(lines[i][0])

                                # print(lines)

                                str = ''

                                for i in range(len(lines)):

                                    for ii in range(len(lines[i])):

                                        # 将嵌套列表中的元素取出来拼接成字符串

                                        str += lines[i][ii] + ' '

                                    str += '\n'

                                # 遍历完毕删除之前列表里面嵌套的列表，追加字符串str

                                lines.clear()

                                lines.append(str)

                                # print(lines)

                                # 将更新后的列表写入文件

                                with open('../user_books/user_books.txt', 'w') as wstream:

                                    wstream.writelines(lines)

                    else:

                        print("您还没有借阅记录哦~")

    except Exception as err:

        print("错误原因：", err)

# 查看个人信息

def look_person_info(path,username):

    with open(path) as rstream:

        lines = rstream.readlines()

        # print(lines)

        for info in lines:

            # 分割成一个列表

            info = info.split('   ')

            # print(info)

            if username in info:

                print("----个人信息----")

                print("用户名：", info[0])

                print("邮箱：", info[1])

                print("密码：", info[2].rstrip(' '))

# 修改个人信息

def update_password(path,username):

    tips = input("请选择操作：\n 1.修改邮箱\n 2.修改密码\n")

    # 修改邮箱

    if tips =='':

        new_email = ''

        line = []

        try:

            with open(path) as rstream:

                while True:

                    line = rstream.readline()

                    if not line:

                        break

                    line = line.split('   ')

                    # 去掉密码后面的换行符

                    line[2] = line[2].rstrip('\n')

                    if username == line[0]:

                        new_email = input("请输入新邮箱：")

                        line[1] = new_email

                        break

        except Exception as err:

            print(err)

        else:

            # 将新修改邮箱后的用户的所有信息追加到文件夹

            with open(path, 'a') as wstream:

                for i in range(len(line)):

                    if i == 0:

                        # 遍历列表，第一个列表元素需要前面需要加换行，后面需要加空格与其他元素分割

                        line[i] = '\n' + line[i] + '   '

                    else:

                        line[i] = line[i] + '   '

                wstream.writelines(line)

                print("修改成功")

            # 删除修改邮箱之前用户的信息

            with open(path) as rstream:

                # 读取多行

                lines = rstream.readlines()

                i = 0

                l = len(lines)

                while i < l:

                    # 当 当前用户名在用户信息行且新的邮箱不在时就删除之前的用户信息，不会删除其他用户的信息

                    if username in lines[i] and new_email not in lines[i]:

                        lines.remove(lines[i])

                    i += 1

                    l -= 1

                # 删除旧邮箱对应的当前用户信息后，再将新邮箱对应的用户信息以及其他用户的信息从新写入到文件

                with open(path, 'w') as wstream:

                    wstream.writelines(lines)

    # 修改密码

    elif tips =='':

        new_password = ''

        line = []

        try:

            with open(path) as rstream:

                while True:

                    line = rstream.readline()

                    if not line:

                        break

                    line = line.split('   ')

                    # 去掉密码后面的换行符

                    line[2] = line[2].rstrip('\n')

                    if username == line[0]:

                        new_password = input("请输入新密码：")

                        # 判断新密码与旧密码是否一致

                        if new_password ==line[2]:

                            # 抛出异常

                            raise Exception("新密码不能与旧密码相同哦~")

                        else:

                            line[2] =new_password

                            break

        # 可以捕获到前面raise抛出的异常

        except Exception as err:

            print(err)

        else:

            # 将新修改密码后的用户的所有信息追加到文件夹

            with open(path,'a') as wstream:

                for i in range(len(line)):

                    if i ==0:

                        # 遍历列表，第一个列表元素需要前面需要加换行，后面需要加空格与其他元素分割

                        line[i] = '\n'+line[i]+'   '

                    else:

                        line[i] = line[i] +'   '

                wstream.writelines(line)

                print("修改成功")

            # 删除修改密码之前用户的信息

            with open(path) as rstream:

                # 读取多行

                lines = rstream.readlines()

                i =0

                l = len(lines)

                while i < l:

                    # 当 当前用户名在用户信息行且新的密码不在时就删除之前的用户信息，不会删除其他用户的信息

                    if username in lines[i] and new_password not in lines[i]:

                        lines.remove(lines[i])

                    i+=1

                    l-=1

                # 删除旧密码对应的当前用户信息后，再将新密码对应的用户信息以及其他用户的信息从新写入到文件

                with open(path,'w') as wstream:

                    wstream.writelines(lines)

# 个人信息

def person_information(path,username):

    tips = input("请选择操作：\n 1.查看个人信息\n 2.修改个人信息\n")

    if tips =='':

        look_person_info(path,username)

    elif tips =='':

        update_password(path, username)

# 只有管理员才可以进行图书的增删改操作

def permission(user_path,username):

    try:

        with open(user_path) as rstream:

            while True:

                line = rstream.readline()

                # 读到空行跳出循环

                if not line:

                    break

                # 通过3个空格将字符串line分割为一个列表，存储三个值

                line = line.split('   ')

                # 循环遍历列表，去掉列表中每个元素后面的换行，如果有就去掉，没有就不取掉

                for i in range(len(line)):

                    line[i] = line[i].rstrip('\n')

                # 判断是否管理员，如果是就可以进行添加操作

                if username == 'admin123':

                    pass

                else:

                    print("只有管理员{}才可以进行该操作~".format(username))

                    # 不是管理员将回到操作页面

                    operate(path, username)

    except Exception as err:

        print("错误原因：",err)

# 图书增删改借还操作

book_path = '/Users/mozili/PYTHONWORKSPACE/book.txt'

# book_list = ['水浒传\n','红楼梦\n','廊桥遗梦']

def operate(b_path,username):

    while True:

        msg = input("请选择操作:\n 1.查询图书\n 2.添加图书\n 3.修改图书\n 4.删除图书\n 5.借书\n 6.归还图书\n 7.个人信息\n 8.退出登录\n")

        # 查询图书

        if msg =='':

            find_books(book_path)

        # 添加图书

        elif msg =='':

            add_book(b_path, username)

        # 修改图书

        elif msg =='':

            update_book(b_path, username)

        # 删除图书

        elif msg =='':

            del_book(b_path, username)

        # 借书

        elif msg =='':

            borrow_book(username)

        # 还书

        elif msg =='':

            return_book(username)

        #查看、修改个人信息

        elif msg =='':

            person_information(path, username)

        # 退出登录

        elif msg =='':

            msg = input("确定退出登录吗？(yes/no)")

            if msg == 'yes':

                break

login()

python实现图书管理系统的相关教程结束。