Java 网络编程(二)

2023-07-29,

以下例开始本文的内容:

例1,需求:上传图片。

客户端:

    服务端点。
    读取客户端已有的图片数据。
    通过socket输出流将数据发给服务端。
    读取服务端反馈信息。
    关闭。
class PicClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
/*
* 一系列判断
*/
if(args.length != 1) {
System.out.println("请选择一个jpg格式的图片");
return;
}
File file = new File(args[0]);
if(!(file.exists() && file.isFile())) {
System.out.println("该文件有问题,要么不存在,要么不是文件");
return;
}
if(!file.getName().endsWith(".jpg")) {
System.out.println("图片格式错误,请重新选择");
return;
}
if(file.length() > 1024*1024*10) {
System.out.println("文件过大,没安好心");
return;
} Socket s = new Socket("10.48.62.209", 10007); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = fis.read(buf)) != -1) {
out.write(buf, 0, len);
} //告诉服务端数据已写完
s.shutdownOutput(); InputStream in = s.getInputStream();
byte[] bufIn = new byte[1024];
int num = in.read(bufIn);
System.out.println(new String(bufIn, 0, num));
fis.close();
s.close();
}
}

服务端:

这个服务端有个局限性,当A客户端连接上以后,被服务端获取到,服务端执行具体流程。这时B客户端连接,只有等待,因为服务端还没有处理完A客户端的请求,还没有循环回来执行下一次accpet()方法,所以暂时获取不到B客户端对象。

那么为了可以让多个客户端同时并发访问服务端,服务端最好就是将每个客户端封装到一个单独的线程中,这样就可以同时处理多个客户端请求。

那么如何定义线程呢?

只要明确了每一个客户端在服务端执行的代码即可。将该代码存入run()方法中。

class PicThread implements Runnable {
private Socket s;
PicThread(Socket s) {
this.s = s;
}
@Override
public void run() {
int count = 1;
String ip = s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress();
try { System.out.println(ip+"......connected."); InputStream in = s.getInputStream(); File file = new File(ip+"("+(count)+")"+".jpg");//10.48.62.209(1).jpg
while(file.exists()) {
file = new File(ip+"("+(count++)+")"+".jpg");
} FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file); byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = in.read(buf)) != -1) {
fos.write(buf, 0, len);
}
OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
out.write("上传成功".getBytes());
fos.close();
s.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(ip+"上传失败");
}
} }
class PicServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10007);
while(true) {
Socket s = ss.accept(); new Thread(new PicThread(s)).start();
}
//ss.close();
} }

我觉得多线程是比较难理解的,所以图示以上原理:

例2,客户端通过键盘录入用户名。服务端对这个用户名进行校验。如果该用户存在,在服务端显示XXX,已登录。并在客户端显示XXX,欢迎光临。如果该用户不存在,在服务端显示XXX,尝试登录。并在客户端显示XXX,该用户不存在。最多就登录3次。

以下为代码,导包就不导了。

客户端:

class LoginClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket s = new Socket("10.48.62.209", 10008); BufferedReader bufr =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true); BufferedReader bufIn =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())); for(int x = 0; x < 3; x++) {
/*
* 在键盘敲Ctrl+C键,即代表结束录入
* read()方法返回-1,readLine()方法返回null
*/
String line = bufr.readLine();//Ctrl+C,那么就是-1,readLine()返回null
if(line == null)
break;
out.println(line);
String info = bufIn.readLine();
System.out.println("info:"+info);
if(info.contains("欢迎"))
break;
}
bufr.close();
s.close();//socket流中加了一个-1,相当于给流中加入一个结束标记,即-1
}
}

服务端:

class UserThread implements Runnable {
private Socket s;
UserThread(Socket s) {
this.s = s;
}
@Override
public void run() {
String ip = s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress();
System.out.println(ip+"........connected.");
try {
for(int x = 0; x < 3; x++) {
BufferedReader bufIn = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
/*
* 客户端那边敲入Ctrl+C键键时,
* read()返回-1,readLine()返回null。
* 所以name得加一个判断
*/
String name = bufIn.readLine();
if(name == null)
break; /*
* 校验
*/
BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("user.txt")); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true); String line = null; boolean flag = false;//定义标记
while((line = bufr.readLine()) != null) {
if(line.equals(name)) {
flag = true;
break;
}
}
if(flag) {
System.out.println(name+",已登录");
out.println(name+",欢迎光临");
break;
} else {
System.out.println(name+"尝试登录");
out.println(name+",用户名不存在");
}
}
s.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(ip+"校验失败");
}
} }
class LoginServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10008);
while(true) {
Socket s = ss.accept();
new Thread(new UserThread(s)).start();
}
} }

演示客户端和服务端

1、

客户端:浏览器、telnet(远程登录命令——在DOS命令行下连接网络上任意一台主机)

形如:

telnet 10.48.62.209 11000

示例代码:

public class ServerDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(11000); Socket s = ss.accept();
System.out.println(s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()); InputStream in = s.getInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = in.read(buf);
System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len)); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);
out.println("<font color='red' size='7'>Client, hello!!!</font>");
s.close();
ss.close();
} }

控制台输出类似诸如以下信息(头信息):

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:11000
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8

分析如下:

http(http协议)://127.0.0.1(主机名):11000(端口号)/myWeb(资源路径)/demo.html(资源)
Host:
127.0.0.1:11000
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*(代表可接受任意类型的东东);q=0.8
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip(告诉服务器的压缩方式), deflate, sdch
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8

2、

客户端:浏览器。

服务器:Tomcat服务器。

3、

客户端:自定义。

服务器:Tomcat服务器。

示例代码:

public class MyIE {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true); out.println("GET /myWeb/demo.html HTTP/1.1");
out.println("Accept: */*");
out.println("Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");
out.println("Host: 127.0.0.1:11000");
out.println("Connection: closed");
/*
* 注意:HTML头信息和主体信息之间一定要有一个空行
* 为了保证安全,所以索性加了两行
*/
out.println();

out.println(); BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
String line = null;
while((line = bufr.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
s.close();
} }

控制台会打印类似信息:

自定义图形界面浏览器:

代码如下(导包就不导了):

public class MyIEByGUI {

    private Frame f;
private TextField tf;
private Button but;
private TextArea ta; private Dialog d;
private Label lab;
private Button okBut; MyIEByGUI() {
init();
} public void init() {
f = new Frame("my window");
f.setBounds(300, 100, 600, 500);
f.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); tf = new TextField(60); but = new Button("转到"); ta = new TextArea(25, 70); /*
* 对话框,也是一个窗体,最好不要加到Frame里面去
*/
d = new Dialog(f, "提示信息-self", true);//true:对话框不处理掉,后面的窗体是无法操作的!!
d.setBounds(400, 200, 240, 150);
d.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
lab = new Label();
okBut = new Button("确定"); d.add(lab);
d.add(okBut); f.add(tf);
f.add(but);
f.add(ta); myEvent();
f.setVisible(true); } private void myEvent() {
//点击对话框中的确定按钮,对话框也不显示出来
okBut.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
d.setVisible(false);
}
});
/*
* 关闭对话框,对话框不显示
*/
d.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
d.setVisible(false);
}
}); tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() { @Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
try {
showDir();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
} }); /*
* 按钮是事件源
*/
but.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
try {
showDir();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}); f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
} });
} private void showDir() throws IOException {
ta.setText("");
/*
* http://127.0.0.1:8888/myWeb/demo.html
* 以下代码只不过是拆解url字符串路径而已
*/
String url = tf.getText(); int index1 = url.indexOf("//")+2; int index2 = url.indexOf("/", index1); String str = url.substring(index1, index2);
String[] arr = str.split(":");
String host = arr[0];
int port = Integer.parseInt(arr[1]); String path = url.substring(index2);
//ta.setText(str+"....."+path); Socket s = new Socket(host, port); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true); out.println("GET "+path+" HTTP/1.1");
out.println("Accept: */*");
out.println("Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");
out.println("Host: 127.0.0.1:11000");
out.println("Connection: closed");
out.println();
out.println(); BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
String line = null;
while((line = bufr.readLine()) != null) {
ta.append(line+"\r\n");
}
s.close(); } public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyIEByGUI();
} }

运行效果图:

 URL 

示例代码:

/*
String getFile()
获取此 URL 的文件名。
String getHost()
获取此 URL 的主机名(如果适用)。
String getPath()
获取此 URL 的路径部分。
int getPort()
获取此 URL 的端口号。
String getProtocol()
获取此 URL 的协议名称。
String getQuery()
获取此 URL 的查询部分。
*/
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL; public class URLDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1/myWeb/demo.html?name=haha&age=30"); System.out.println("getProtocol():"+url.getProtocol());//http
System.out.println("getHost():"+url.getHost());//127.0.0.1
System.out.println("getPort():"+url.getPort());
System.out.println("getPath():"+url.getPath());//---/myWeb/demo.html
System.out.println("getFile():"+url.getFile());//---/myWeb/demo.html?name=haha&age=30
System.out.println("getQuery():"+url.getQuery());//name=haha&age=30 /*
不写端口时,给一个默认的端口号80
int port = getPort();
if(port == -1)
port = 80;
*/
} }

URLConnection(似乎封装了Socket)

示例代码:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection; public class URLConnectionDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:8888/myWeb/demo.html");
URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
System.out.println(conn); InputStream in = conn.getInputStream(); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int len = in.read(buf); System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len)); } }

所以自定义图形界面浏览器代码优化之后为:

public class MyIEByGUI2 {

    private Frame f;
private TextField tf;
private Button but;
private TextArea ta; private Dialog d;
private Label lab;
private Button okBut; MyIEByGUI2() {
init();
} public void init() {
f = new Frame("my window");
f.setBounds(300, 100, 600, 500);
f.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); tf = new TextField(60); but = new Button("转到"); ta = new TextArea(25, 70); /*
* 对话框,也是一个窗体,最好不要加到Frame里面去
*/
d = new Dialog(f, "提示信息-self", true);//true:对话框不处理掉,后面的窗体是无法操作的!!
d.setBounds(400, 200, 240, 150);
d.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
lab = new Label();
okBut = new Button("确定"); d.add(lab);
d.add(okBut); f.add(tf);
f.add(but);
f.add(ta); myEvent();
f.setVisible(true); } private void myEvent() {
//点击对话框中的确定按钮,对话框也不显示出来
okBut.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
d.setVisible(false);
}
});
/*
* 关闭对话框,对话框不显示
*/
d.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
d.setVisible(false);
}
}); tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() { @Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
try {
showDir();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
} }); /*
* 按钮是事件源
*/
but.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
try {
showDir();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}); f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
} });
} private void showDir() throws IOException {
ta.setText("");
/*
* http://127.0.0.1:8888/myWeb/demo.html
*/
String urlPath = tf.getText(); URL url = new URL(urlPath);
URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
//System.out.println(conn); InputStream in = conn.getInputStream(); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int len = in.read(buf); ta.setText(new String(buf, 0, len)); } public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyIEByGUI2();
} }

图示原理:

 域名解析

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